Infographic illustrating various checkout line dynamics and customer behaviors at retail stores.
An infographic detailing checkout line dynamics and customer behaviors.

Exploring Little’s Law

John Dutton Conant Little, a keen observer who came up with a view that later came to be known as Little’s law.

The long-term average number L of customers in a stationary system is equal to the long-term average effective arrival rate λ multiplied by the average time W that a customer spends in the system

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In simple terms, the duration of a queue is proportional to its size. The lead time of a process is equal to the amount of work in progress divided by the average time it takes to complete each piece of work. This is the reason why limiting the work in Progress, teams complete work faster. It is never a bad idea to limit the number of items in your WIP lane. More about this is discussed in “Why setting the WIP limit is important”

The science of lines ()